Artist and photographer Tulu Bayar presented “Diversity, Ethnicity and Minority Status in China: A Focus on the Uyghurs” at St. Edward’s University through the cooperation of the SEU art department and the Kosmetsky Center. Bayar’s presentation of her findings from two trips to the Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwest China included photographs, video clips, and lecture. Although Bayar initially traveled to Beijing with her camera in an effort to document a facet of the economically booming country she found herself drawn to what she calls a more anthropological than artistic study.
Bayar began with geography and statistics. She explained that China, with its five thousand year history, is currently the most populated country in the world with 1.3 billion people. She also stressed that China is the fastest growing country in terms of economics. She then narrowed the focus to the Uyghur Autonomous Region in the Northwest portion of China where she states that forty percent of the population is Han Chinese and fifty-five percent Uyghur.
Bayar spoke briefly of the riots that took place in the Uyghur Region that spurred her to make the trip. 200 people died during the riots and China shut down access to the region for a short while. Bayar learned of the riots over the phone with her husband who was in the United States where there was very little news coverage about the situation. She observed that there was no news coverage of the riots at all in Beijing. When the area was opened again and Bayar traveled there she was denied free access to the people as she was often accompanied by a government official.
Bayar explained that despite a drive toward assimilation of the Uyghur into the Han Chinese population the result has been increased segregation. Although the focus of the two trips she made has been the Uyghur and their situation she acknowledges the struggles of Han Chinese in the area that are resulting from the same causes. She showed video clips of the capital of the Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi where there is now a majority of Han Chinese. Another clip of People’s Square in Kashgar showed a very different view of the region where eighty-five percent of the population is still Uyghur.
Defining the problems that face the Uyghur people led Bayar to discuss the central tenants of the Uyghur culture that lie in their native dialect and their Islam religion. Language and religion are simultaneously the great obstacles for Chinese authorities that want to assimilate minority groups into the Han population. Therefore, the government systematically discriminates against minorities by making it illegal to practice or even discuss religion for people who work for the government. Government employees are also required to speak flawless Mandarin. These practices make the best jobs inaccessible to Uyghurs and widen the gap between poor and rich. Universities only accept people who can pass rigorous testing and the testing and education is only provided in Mandarin, which again denies access to minority groups.
Bayar briefly touched on some fascinating cultural practices, showing photographs and videos, of Uyghur dancers in their colorful costumes, traditional music sessions, and above ground tombs. In doing so she connected faces of the people in context with their extraordinary cultural heritage. These three views of Uyghur society are unique in specific practice but universal in human experience.
Bayar concluded with her sentiments that she believes China will be forced to deal with the issues she presents to maintain their growing economic power on the world stage. Her testament of the Uyghur people through artistic media exemplifies the power of an artist to bring activist anthropological study to viewers through art especially when media fails or is censored. Her ongoing desire to document the peoples and diverse cultures of China will surely continue to benefit global understanding and interest in the human rights of the population of China.